The Sumatran tiger is classified as Critically Endangered by The World Conservation Union (IUCN) due to poaching and habitat loss. An estimated fewer than 500 individuals remain in the wild; the population is highly fragmented across Sumatra and remains in low numbers in only six protected areas.
The objectives of this research include determining the most accurate population estimates possible for the largest protected area (Gunung Leuser National Park in the Leuser Ecosystem of northern Sumatra), better understanding the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the tiger population in the Leuser Ecosystem, and working with the Leuser International Foundation and Indonesian Government to collect the most accurate data possible for a sound conservation plan. This plan will integrate movement corridors, comprehensive reserve designs, and stronger enforcement mechanisms to protect tigers and their habitat long into the future.
Researchers use a system of 100 remote cameras setup in a stratified random sampling design across six 64 km sites to photograph individual tigers in multiple habitat types and conditions. Tigers were identified based on their stripe patterns.
Results from the photographs suggest a population of about 125 adult tigers in Gunung Leuser National Park. This data verifies that the Sumatran tiger population is critically endangered. Poaching of adult tigers for body parts and of cubs for pets persist and this study indicates habitat loss and fragmentation are increasingly dominant effects. Habitat loss is affecting tiger ranges as well as prey availability and is compressing remaining tigers into smaller areas and increasing the likelihood of conflicts with people. This scientific information is being used to improve conservation plans for tigers and their tropical forests.
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